India Change over Time Essay Example for Free

India Change over Time Essay India is a country with a rich culture and many age-old traditions. Although some of these aspects of indian culture can still be seen today, India has changed greatly over the year. A major contributing factor to this change was British colonization of India in the early and mid-1700s; colonization had both short-term and long-term impacts on India. Prior to British colonization most of India lived in small villages and maintained a predominantly agricultural economy. In most regions of India there is a strong sense of family and community. There are many festivals and occasions for celebration, especially weddings. As each region of India has elements of unique culture, occasions and celebrations can vary widely. Before colonization, people lived in extended families. A son would not leave his parents home when he married. Instead, his new wife would live with her husbands family and work for and serve his household. Women had very few choices or rights. They were expected to obey their father until they married, then they would obey their husband. If their husband died, they would be expected to obey their father-in-law. Houses were built of wood, reeds, mud bricks and straw. People slept, ate and sat on the floor, and furniture in houses was not common prior to colonization. Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism are the three religions that are believed to have shaped Indian thought; religions that are practices world-wide. Many motivations pushed Europeans towards colonizing foreign lands. Primarily, nations established colonies to gain economic profits. In addition to a desire for economic profit, nationalism also served as a reason for colonization. Europeans used the ideas of the White Mans Burden to help justify their colonization of foreign lands. The White Mans Burden was the idea that as supreme beings, it was the job of the white people to spread their superior ways of living to the inferior people of other places. Britain discovered the Indian sub-continent when it was looking to expand its vast empire. In the mid eighteenth century, India became one of Great Britains most important colonies. Great Britain relied heavily on India as a source of raw materials. Britain profited from Indias vast supply of tea and cotton. Beginning in 1757, the East India Company, which was overseen by the British government, ruled India. Britain did benefit from the situation; however, notwithstanding the obvious injustices associated with colonization, India also experienced positive impacts. While Great Britain felt that they were being very generous to the Indian people in colonizing and modernizing the nation, the Indians did not always agree with this. Under British rule, many new roads, railways, and harbors were built, and a telegraph system was created. While the Indians were forced to do much labor in the construction of these things, they were often kept from enjoying and benefiting from the finished products. In fact, the Indian people were treated as second class citizens in their own nation. They were banned from many government positions, and had little rights. They often received lower wages than Europeans working in the same job, and their educations did little for them. The Indians eventually came together to fight against the way that they were treated influenced by the same sense of nationalism that had prompted the British to colonize India more than a century before. After much hard work, India finally gained independence from Great Britain in August 1947; however, although India gained independence all ties with the British nation were not cut. One of the first impacts that colonization had in India was the development of unity. When Britain first acquired India as a colony the country was divided. The British imposed system impacted India by bringing more equality to the country as the caste system which outlined social hierarchy was adapted. It is also significant that Britain accepted all of the religions of India which also allowed unity to prosper. India has also experienced positive impacts from the institution established and then left behind by the colonizers. The institutions established by the British Raj and then inherited by India helped lead to democracy in modern day India. The assistance of these institutions assisted India in becoming the world’s largest democracy today. It is also of note that Britain first introduced India to early capitalism through colonization. Britain transformed India into an agricultural based capitalist economy and established forms of private ownership. These actions led India into creating free trade and competitive business. Today India is the largest provider of services in the world in large part due to colonization; however, it is uncertain if without colonization this would be possible. The Indian population is able to compete in the service sector due to the positive impact of the English language being left behind post British rule. When colonization was occurring in India schools were established which taught and offered instruction in English. It is also of note that the East India Company had a positive impact by establishing some services such as rail throughout the country. The culture of India was also greatly impacted. As the English language spread, indigenous languages were diminished, and the culture, as a whole, began to take on a more European style. Under colonial rule India often depended on Great Britian for such things as technological advances and manufactured goods. Once it became independent, India slowly fell behind the rest of the world, as it had to learn to depend less on other nations and more on itself. India, even today, is considered a third-world country. The nations that were once under colonial rule, such as India, are for the most part the nations that are currently undergoing industrial revolutions. In addition to colonization changing the culture of India, it also affected that of the mother country, Great Britain. Colonization led to an increased diversity of culture in Great Britain. This was because many people from India began to move to Great Britain. Today, Great Britain is still home to many Indian people. The impacts of British colonization were huge and the changes made to India as a nation were great. However, not all of that rich culture was lost. Many of those original religions such as Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism are still practiced world-wide. Also, even though English is common in education and business, the official language of India today is Hindi. Indians continue to be proud of their culture and traditional Indian buildings, attire, and customs can still be seen throughout the country.

System Analysis And Design Learning Outcome

System Analysis And Design Learning Outcome Before getting into detail, it is important to understand the concept of System Analysis and Design. It is a study of interactive entities, including computer system analysis and designing the process of defining components, modules and etc. In this assignment I will work on the following three different phases. Each phase will cover the related content in detail. In the first part we will understand the different system life cycles models. In this part, I will discuss different life cycles and will discuss the importance of a following a procedural/staged life cycle in a system investigation. In learning outcome 2, I am going to explain the feasibility report, feasibility study and impact of different feasibility criteria on a system investigation for a particular garment shop. The purpose of feasibility study is to find the solutions or to investigate the tasks requirements, referencing this I will discuss the contents of feasibility report and when to use the feasibility study Third learning outcome is to be able to perform a system investigation in this we will undertake a system investigation to meet a business need. Use appropriate system analysis tools and techniques to carry out a system investigation. Then I will create documentation to support a system investigation and at last I will evaluate how user and system requirements have been addressed. In this assignment, each issue process would be discussed in detail to understand the basic concept. Task-1: (a): Waterfall Model: It is a very useful model which is widely used and its easy to understand as well, its a sequential design process which is flowing steadily downwards like water. It is a step by step process, if we will find any error so we would check from backward instead of directly going to that point of error. The following diagram shows the steps. images Analysis and Gathering Requirement: In this first step of waterfall model, the developer has to conduct a meeting with the costumer to know about his requirement for the software. He discusses the things in details and analyzes the whole project system and then collects requirements based on software development. System Design: In this stage based on the requirements he has collected, he will make a rough model so that the software process becomes easy for implementation. After this stage they would have documentation so that it would be easy for the user to understand. Detailed Design and Coding: In this step the developer will make an actual model of software. The developer sees the problems in details. And if there is any error they would check and correct that which is also called coding. Testing: After implementation the developer sees the software weather it is working properly or not then he will do the testing. Delivery: This is the last phase, in which the developer correct all the errors and he will hand over the software to the client. Merits of Water Fall Model: This model is easy to understand for the user. It is good for small projects where requirements are well understood. Waterfall model is preferred in projects where quality is more important than schedule or cost. Demerits of Water Fall Model: It is costly and time consuming. If we want any change we have to go from below so its difficult. Not suitable for difficult or moderate projects. (b) Some of the models that dont have specific structures are: a) Code and fix: Its very easy and simple kind of model and consists of two steps. a) Write coding to the program b) Fixing the problem in that code This model is very simple as it doesnt need any proper team work, and each one would not be able to convince his point to the others so it saves time by fixing errors in the early ages. Merits of Code and fix: It is actually less time taking. Easy to use. Good for small projects as risk is reduction. Demerits of Code and fix: Its difficult to detect the errors. No time limits. Difficult for the large projects. b) Rapid prototyping: In this model the costumers are not familiar with the software so they dont know what kind of program they actually want. It is one among the easiest and user friendly model. It does not require any team work. It will be easy to understand for non-technical management. a) The developer will do that phase or step first according to the customers wish. b) The developer will do that step first which is easy and the phase which is difficult that part he will do at the end. Merits of Rapid Prototyping: a) Less chances of risk of incorrect user requirement. b) Its a user friendly. c) The developer can save the changes and it is easy to change the changes. Demerits of rapid prototyping: The developer only can make the project for just one company. Very expensive/costly. c) Cots: (Commercial off-The Shelf Software) This is the easiest and cheapest model. In this model the developer takes the model which already is exists and they make changes in that same model only according to the user requirement. Merits of cots: a) It is a well worked model. b) It has to make changes minor. Demerits of cots: a) When we put it on internet, we face problems because the internet asks for the security code. d) Agile (XP) Manifesto: This model is used for companies only. In this model, the developer wants the team for the other skills to complete the project. Communication must be there with the client. It is easy for the developer to make changes in the software from start to the end itself. The developer gives all the updates to the client about the software. Merits of Agile: a) It is easy to make small projects. b) Main aims to final the product. c) The company can test for a good result in every week. Demerits of Agile: a) For this model it is difficult to make large projects. b) We should need to have proper planning and documentations. c) If the program will make in pairs then it will be much costly. 1.2) (a) SDLC (System development life cycle): images The System Development is consists of the following stages: a). Preliminary Investigation: The developer has to spend for some days to understand the problem; he can install the proper system. In this stage, the developer collects all the information available for the system which they need and he is also gathering the whole workers with him to collect the requirements for the system. b). Analysis of the Requirement: The developer understands the information and functions of the software which all he requires for the system. He briefly goes through the requirements and to develop the performance of the system. He also wants to get more information and resources to build the suitable system. c). System Design: The developer makes rough designs on paper or on the computer, to check whether the rough image of system includes all the requirements or not. Once this stage done, then he will choose and finalizes the suitable designs for the development of the system. d). System Coding: The developer translates the code or the program in machine language so that it can be readable easily. The coding step is time spending and it has many errors. e). System Testing: Once the programming stage done, then he tests the systems whether it is working according to the clients needs or not. And he corrects the error if there are any. f). System Implementation: This is the most important phase. In this stage the developer finally gives the system to the client and expecting for a positive response. g). System Maintenance: In this last stage, the developer wants to maintain the system and checks whether its working in the way he made it or not. Then he again maintains the system by removing the defects of flaws if happened. 1.2) (b) Rapid Prototyping: I would prefer rapid prototyping life cycle model to develop software for university works because it is one among the easiest and user friendly model. It does not require any team work and even for the non technical management it will be easy to understand. At each stage of development the progress details has to submit to the management. Here instead of presenting report we submit rough model. It will be more convenient as the management could see the development physically rather than theoretical documents. In universities any time there could be change in system or introduction of new courses. So if the management demands change in the software developing in the middle also it can be done easily. It indicates advantage over other models because complex models like water fall or spiral, if user demands changes it will be great loss because they have to follow step by step procedure and then make changes. It will consume more time and cost high. As this model is completely customer oriented theyll proceed only after the management finds satisfaction. LEARNING OUTCOME # 02 2.1 a) Feasibility Report: It is the end stage of a feasibility study. It verifies the effect of the changes suggested in feasibility study. This report used by management is brief and nontechnical to be understandable. In other words, feasibility report basically the report which gave the advice weather the project is feasible or not. Basically the report contains the summary of findings and recommendations, followed by documentations. The components of the feasibility report are the following: a) Cover letter: presents the report formally and indicates the findings and changes to be made briefly to the management b) Table of contents: an index to understand the location of each and every part of the report. c) Overview: it explains the reason for undertaking a feasibility study and includes the people affected by it and the names of the persons who conducted the study. a) Detailed findings: provides the details regarding the present system and its defects. b) Economic Justification: Here detailed cost comparison and cost estimations are presented. c) Recommendations and conclusions: Here the proposed changes and its effects on present system all are mentioned and as per the study a conclusion is provided for the report. d) Appendixes document to provide all the necessary documentation within the report for reference. b) Feasibility Study: The purpose of feasibility study is to find solutions or to investigate the tasks requirements and to determine whether its worthwhile/feasible to develop the system, collecting data or analyzing that how the project will be operate, relating it consulting the recommended business requirements. In other words, a feasibility study can help us to confirm the outcome of solution we are unaware off. A feasibility study becomes necessary when sometimes the customer is not an ideal customer. Thus it becomes necessary to confirm the assumption of project based on the client ideas. In expense terms its better to have feasibility than making poor decision from improper analysis. We should have basic information about business ideas to make the study best. We should know one or more business models or scenarios that might be used. Sufficient investigation about these models should be conducted to determine viability. A feasibility study cannot be just conducted by making few calls. For this early investigation is done before the study. For this we can seek committee member of business itself or consultant. It starts with the marketing feasibility to confirm if the present idea influences it by checking their current marketing. Its then proceeded by technical and financial feasibility by checking resources, location, current availability, budget of the project etc. since its essential to analyze before starting a project. If the idea goes with market availability, we can proceed with feasibility analysis and use it for feasibility study. 2.2) Impact of Feasibility Criteria on a System Investigation for a Garment Shop: Before starting up a garment shop a feasibility study can help us in increasing chance of our success by analyzing our ideas, shop localities, types of clothes, management staffs etc before starting. Let us discuss about the feasibility criteria on garment shop on social, economic and time scales. Social Factor: The garment shop is a socially responsible business; it has the responsibility to form a good impact on the environment as well. Earning profit is not only the aim of the project but also to provide a healthy environment with proper clothing. Considering in social basis it is necessary that the garment should variety clothes belonging to different cultures, such as western and eastern out fits. While checking viability of the project, it is necessary to include aspects like how it will work in the market, how it will differ from other organizations and how long our idea will be effective. Well profitability cannot be judged during initial months as competitions are there in all fields and shops like garment shop can provide high cash returns if it attracts customers for quite long. Economical Factor: On economic basis it is a preliminary analysis in order to determine our idea is effective. Before doing analysis there are certain criteria to keep in mind such as: a) To evaluate whether we and our management staffs posses the idea and methodologies in common that lead the company to success. b) We need assess the market for the idea we have come up with. c) To estimate basic financial feasibility our project is necessary as it is initial requirement including revenue sales, fixed prices, stock availability, financial access etc. d) To identify drawback of the garment shop as it a business it have strong competitors and analyze how to defend them. e) Finally make a right choice that whether ideas can be still effective and practical. Time Scales: The basic idea implanted of timescale in here is that, the time to market the product, which means the changes which we apply on the present system and as per the cost estimation when the shop would be ready to hit the market? The time as a constraint has always been considered by system analyst and programmers, but here in garment shop the estimated time might differ as per the budget, resources, design, etc. needed for the change. These three phases of feasibility study are observed in a system investigation for a garment shop to improve the accuracy and to make the shop much more efficient. All these stages are covered so that in future the shop would face no consequence in matter of Legal, Economical and Social. Learning Outcome # 03 Opening a new Garment Shop:- a). Introduction: I am going to explain that how a system investigation is held for opening a new garment shop and that what are the actual and basic techniques, needs and requirements at business scale. Regarding this I would make documentation on system investigation and would discuss that how user and systems requirements have been addressed. b). Descriptions of the Business: It is a clothing retail shop (a garment shop). c). Market Consideration: Clothing items and stuff would be targeted especially for teenagers and young adults; this would the starting point so it would b little bit challenging of course, especially keeping up with each of the seasonal trends. They always expect to have material to be available of their choice in color and size. Dissatisfaction of the customer in purchasing can bring lose in my sales. To store clothing in a temperature controlled ware house, cost varies. It can be reduced by proper inventory management. d). Management Team: Since it is a small-business, hiring staff increases costs dramatically, both in salary and taxes. To hire someone, looking for part-time help well in advance of the opening day would be suitable. I would provide them with adequate training on how to run the cash register, store policies and regulations, and information on the merchandise. e). Technical Specifications and Production Plan: I recommend purchasing retail fittings for the shop. These may include special needs such as display cases, racks, counters, cashier, landlines, credit cards, changing rooms for men and women and shopping bags and gift wrapping. As trend in the fashion industry is ever changing, a successful store always focuses on the latest trends and identifies which trends are on the least. A single mistake can bring great lose ending up in excessive goods, undetermined costs and collaborated brands names in the shop. And eventually causes destruction of the business. f). Marketing Plans: By adopting proper marketing strategies, I would create a buzz in the market about my clothing retail store business. Marketing would be done in such a manner that it grabs the attention of my targeted customers. For example, the design of the store and the stores website are made with the target customers in full consideration. Advertising would be done later since it needs to be well made in order to be successful and successful advertising can be costly. g). Financial and Economic Plans: A good location can do wonders to the success of any retail business. Realtors would give estimates on traffic patterns near the store location. Convenience factors, such as handicap access and parking are important for the success of the garment shop. If the store was already a clothing store, careful inquiries about the previous tenants are necessary. h). Evaluation and Conclusion: This system investigation provides a good outline and vision over the starting of the clothing retail store, committing to this plan would give a smooth start over the starting of a small business as such. However later on, modifications are necessary to keep up with new challenges introduced by this ever changing market. I would analyze about the other companies achievements and draw backs that I need to work on and get better. Then I would have extra working hours comparing to other shops and have staffs for working shifts.

Consequences And Remedies Of Din In The Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

The Scarlet Letter shows many types of sin. Some is only sin in the Puritan eye, some is internally blamed sin and some is sin only defined back in the time period of pre-Romanticism. Three main characters; Hester Prynne, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth are the 'sinners' of the Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter. Nathaniel Hawthorn gives each one very different a consequence and remedy for each ones sin. Hester is publicly punished right away, Dimmesdale has to dwell on his sin for years and Chillingworth is punished abruptly when his sin comes to an end. Each punishment is different and holds its own lesson. Hester was forced into the marriage of a man she did not love, and after being separated for a long amount of time, she became attracted to another man. She then falls into a spell of passion with Reverend Dimmesdale. She then becomes pregnant with Dimmesdale's baby, obviously revealing her 'sin'. She is sent to the Scaffold to be mocked by all and is forced to reveal the father of the child. She refuses and then for her sins, received a scarlet letter, "A" which she had to wear upon her chest for the rest of her life in Boston. She wondered the streets and was given bitter looks from all. This was the Puritan way of punishing her for her then criminal action of adultery. The Scarlet Letter on her bosom does the exact opposite of that which it was meant for. Eventually, Hester upsets all the odds against here due to her courage, pride and effort. Hester goes beyond the letter of the law and does everything asked of her in order to prove that she is "able"(158). Hester, even though she was more appreciated by the Puritans, she still was not respected and her life was never the same. This eventually caused so much mental and physical anguish that she eventually questioned why she should live if it weren't for her Pearl. Pearl was a bundle of life sent from god to remind her of her wrong doing each and every moment and as a walking sermon to preach against sin for others. The symbolic Pearl helped Hester overcome her guilt. Hester becomes a highly respected person in a Puritan society by overcoming one of the harshest punishments, the scarlet letter. After Dimmesdale's passing away, she remains in the small Boston town as payment of her sin and more importantly as an example to other future women of the town.

Issue in Corporate Failure of Bank Essay

It also raised millions of revenue by accounting techniques to show false profits and hided their losses which occur in trading and bad debt. The biggest bank fraud in history According to Manhattan District Attorney Robert M. Morgenthau, the BCCI scandal that came to light in 1991 was ‘the largest bank fraud in world history. ‘ Perhaps no other criminal enterprise has involved or at least embarrassed so many prominent people, from billionaire Arab sheikhs to Third World dictators to present and former leading figures in the U. S. and British governments. Certainly none could match the international web of financial chicanery, political intrigue, and unsavoury figures with which BCCI was said to be associated. (Source: Encyclopaedia Encarta 2007) BCCI was engaged in four major frauds. One was a cover-up of $633m of losses on treasury trading. The second was the illegal acquisition through nominees of several banks in the US, in which it spend $346m. The third was a complex manipulation of accounts to prop up its largest borrower, the gulf shipping group of Pakistan, to which it lent more than $725m, which was over the limit set by banking regulations. The fourth was fundamental fraud by which BCCI allegedly acquire secret control of 56% of its own shares at a cost of over $500m. BCCI was a serpent eating its own tail. These sums add up to more than $2bn. But this is a minimum: it omits the enormous cost to BCCI of financing its secret losses. The manipulation to cover up the fraud involved another $2bn, bringing the grand total to well over $4bn. BCCI frauds were the main reasons for its corporate failure. The scale the fraud is breathtaking enough. But while most frauds involve the disappearance of real money, BCCI did the exact opposite. It manufactured billions of dollars out of nothing to conceal gaping holes in its balance sheet, like a giant game of ‘Double Your Money’. This involved extraordinary financial gymnastics and illegal loans on a huge scale. When BCCI finally came crashing down, it was not with a thud, but in a shower of paper. (Behind Closed Door: FT Publication) BCCI initiated every single route to excel its growth. In a first place its corporate structure was so complicated which involved uses of shell corporations frequently termed as satellites, bank confidentiality and secrecy. BCCI’s top management including nominees which also includes some famous personalities in politics were involved in corruption and made it a supreme atmosphere for crime. BCCI’s criminalities included, †¢Fraud by BCCI and BCCI customers involving billions of dollars; money laundering in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas; †¢BCCI’s bribery of officials in most of those locations, †¢Support of terrorism, arms trafficking, and the sale of nuclear technologies; †¢Management of prostitution; †¢The commission and facilitation of income tax evasion, smuggling, and illegal immigration; †¢Illicit purchases of banks and real estate. Source: Walker, L. 2001) Abdul Basir, head of BCCI Pakistan operation, says: â€Å"We looked after clients in the most efficient, personalised manner. † The diamond market which is home to Lahore’s famous dancing girls, Prostitutes, who for centuries have provided entertainment for emperors and th eir courtiers – and latterly for politicians, Arab Sheikhs and bankers. BCCI used these girls to treat Arabs rich businessmen and major shareholders. BCCI’s Zafar Iqbal, former chief executive, was in charge of managing prostitutes. Corporate Failure of BCCI There were two main reasons of BCCI’s corporate failure apart from their criminal activities. These were high risk loans and trading. A bank’s treasury plays a key role in managing its financial affairs by trading large amounts of money and currencies. Some if this dealing is done on behalf of clients. But bank treasuries also speculate on whether currencies will rise or fall, using their own money. BCCI was no exception. According to Price Waterhouse, the bank combined these two activities by trading huge amounts of clients’ money – but in its own name, and without their knowledge.

Learn About Orb Weaver Spiders, Family Araneidae

Learn About Orb Weaver Spiders, Family Araneidae When you think of a spider, you probably picture a big, round web with its resident spider poised in the center, waiting for a hapless fly to land in the webs sticky strands. With few exceptions, you would be thinking of an orb weaver spider of the family Araneidae. The orb weavers are one of the three largest spider groups. The Family Araneidae The family Araneidae is diverse; orb weavers vary in colors, sizes, and shapes. The webs of orb weavers consist of radial strands, like spokes of a wheel, and concentric circles. Most orb weavers build their webs vertically, attaching them to branches, stems, or manmade structures. Araneidae webs may be quite large, spanning several feet in width. All members of the family Araneidae possess eight similar eyes, arranged in two rows of four eyes each. Despite this, they have rather poor eyesight and rely on vibrations within the web to alert them to meals. Orb weavers have four to six spinnerets, from which they produce strands of silk. Many orb weavers are brightly colored and have hairy or spiny legs. Classification of Orb Weavers Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass – ArachnidaOrder – AraneaeFamily - Araneidae The Orb Weaver Diet Like all spiders, orb weavers are carnivores. They feed primarily on insects and other small organisms entrapped in their sticky webs. Some larger orb weavers may even consume hummingbirds or frogs they’ve successfully ensnared. The Orb Weaver Life Cycle Male orb weavers occupy most of their time with finding a mate. Most males are much smaller than females, and after mating may become her next meal. The female waits on or near her web, letting the males come to her. She lays eggs in clutches of several hundred, encased in a sac. In areas with cold winters, the female orb weaver will lay a large clutch in the fall and wrap it in thick silk. She will die when the first frost arrives, leaving her babies to hatch in the spring. Orb weavers live one to two years, on average. Special Orb Weaver Adaptations and Defenses The orb weavers web is a masterful creation, designed to ensnare meals efficiently. The spokes of the web are primarily non-sticky silk and serve as walkways for the spider to move about the web. The circular strands do the dirty work. Insects become stuck to these sticky threads on contact. Most orb weavers are nocturnal. During daylight hours, the spider may retreat to a nearby branch or leaf but will spin a trapline from the web. Any slight vibration of the web will travel down the trapline, alerting her to a potential catch. The orb weaver possesses venom, which she uses to immobilize her prey. When threatened by people or most anything larger than herself, an orb weavers first response is to flee. Rarely, if handled, will she bite; when she does, the bite is mild. Orb Weaver Range and Distribution Orb weaver spiders live throughout the world, with the exceptions of the Arctic and Antarctic regions. In North America, there are approximately 180 species of orb weavers. Worldwide, arachnologists describe over 3,500 species in the family Araneidae.

Elections essays

Elections essays There are actually many definitions of civil society. But with all its working definitions, I understand civil society as a certain domain that is independent of the state. According to Sidney Silliman, civil society seeks benefits, political reform and accountability from the state but it does not aim to gain formal power nor is it there to overthrow the government. As the country develops to keep up with the modern world, the political system also becomes more complex and in addition, the people become more difficult to control. This is why there has been an ongoing rise for civil society groups, many of which assume the functions and processes normally associated with governments to try and compensate with the current situation. Citizen activism in the Philippines has been generally caused by our deteriorating socioeconomic conditions, the corruption which goes on in different parts of the political system and the failure of the government to address and mend them. Citizens have then come together and organized different civil society groups in response to these circumstances to either compensate for the states failures or to pressure the state to correct its policies. Election, both local and national, especially in the Philippine context, has been a very controversial issue for the longest time. We have heard of different cases such as vote buying, presence of deceased/flying voters, and taking of ballot boxes among others. This only decreases the credibility of the choices of people we can put into power. The most likely outcome would be the discouragement of the public to vote for the different candidates since the winner would most likely be a product of injustice. The Philippines, being a democratic country, needs citizen organizations to participate in the election process to help educate the masses about the importance of elections and the urgency of voting and also to be there to monitor every aspect of the ...

About the U.S. Department of Labor

About the U.S. Department of Labor The United States Department of Labor is a cabinet-level department in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government headed by the U.S. Secretary of Labor as appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the U.S. Senate. The Department of Labor is responsible for workplace safety and health, wage and hour standards, racial diversity, unemployment insurance benefits, re-employment services, and maintenance of key labor-related economic statistics. As a regulatory department, the Department of Labor has the power to create federal regulations deemed necessary to implement and enforce labor-related laws and policies enacted by Congress. Department of Labor Fast Facts The United States Department of Labor is a cabinet-level, regulatory department in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government. The Department of Labor is headed by the U.S. Secretary of Labor as appointed by the President of the United States with the approval of the Senate.The Department of Labor is primarily responsible for the implementation and enforcement of laws and regulations relating to workplace safety and health, wage and hour standards, racial diversity, unemployment benefits, and re-employment services. The purpose of the Department of Labor is to foster, promote, and develop the welfare of the wage earners of the United States, to improve their working conditions, and to advance their opportunities for profitable employment. In carrying out this mission, the Department administers a variety of federal labor laws guaranteeing workers rights to safe and healthful working conditions, a minimum hourly wage and overtime pay, freedom from employment discrimination, unemployment insurance, and workers compensation. The Department also protects workers pension rights; provides for job training programs; helps workers find jobs; works to strengthen free collective bargaining; and keeps track of changes in employment, prices, and other national economic measurements. As the Department seeks to assist all Americans who need and want to work, special efforts are made to meet the unique job market problems of older workers, youths, minority group members, women, the handicapped, and other groups. In July 2013, then Secretary of Labor Tom Perez summarized the purpose of the Department of Labor in stating, â€Å"Boiled down to its essence, the Department of Labor is the department of opportunity.† Brief History of the Department of Labor First established by Congress as the Bureau of Labor under the Department of the Interior in 1884, the Department of Labor became an independent agency in 1888. In 1903, it was reassigned as a bureau of the newly-created cabinet-level Department of Commerce and Labor. Finally, in 1913, President William Howard Taft signed a law establishing the Department of Labor and the Department of Commerce as separate cabinet-level agencies as they remain today. On March 5, 1913, President Woodrow Wilson appointed William B. Wilson as the first Secretary of Labor. In October 1919, the International Labour Organization chose Secretary Wilson to chair its first meeting, even though the United States had not yet become a member nation. On March 4, 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt appointed Frances Perkins to be Secretary of Labor. As the first female cabinet member, Perkins served for 12 years, becoming the longest-serving Secretary of Labor. Following the civil rights movement of the 1960s, the Department of Labor made the government’s first concerted effort to promote racial diversity in the hiring practices of labor unions. In 1969, Secretary of Labor George P. Shultz imposed the Philadelphia Plan requiring Pennsylvania construction unions, which had previously refused to accept black members, to admit a certain number of blacks by an enforced deadline. The move marked the first imposition of racial quotas by the U.S. federal government.